Argon Facts (Atomic Number 18 or Ar)

Argon Facts (Atomic Number 18 or Ar) Argon is a noble gas with element symbol Ar and atomic number 18. It is best known for its use as an inert gas and for making plasma globes. Fast Facts: Argon Element Name: ArgonElement Symbol: ArAtomic Number: 18Atomic Weight: 39.948Appearance: Colorless inert gasGroup: Group 18 (Noble Gas)Period: Period 3Discovery: Lord Rayleigh and William Ramsay (1894) Discovery Argon was discovered by Sir William Ramsay and Lord Rayleigh in 1894 (Scotland). Prior to the discovery, Henry Cavendish (1785) suspected some unreactive gas occurred in air. Ramsay and Rayleigh isolated argon by removing the nitrogen, oxygen, water, and carbon dioxide. They found the remaining gas was 0.5% lighter than nitrogen. The emission spectrum of the gas did not match that of any known element. Electron Configuration [Ne] 3s2 3p6 Word Origin The word argon comes from the Greek word argos, which means inactive or lazy. This refers to the extremely low chemical reactivity of argon. Isotopes There are 22 known isotopes of argon ranging from Ar-31 to Ar-51 and Ar-53. Natural argon is a mixture of three stable isotopes: Ar-36 (0.34%), Ar-38 (0.06%), Ar-40 (99.6%). Ar-39 (half-life 269 yrs) is to determine the age of ice cores, ground water and igneous rocks. Appearance Under ordinary conditions, argon is a colorless, odorless, and flavorless gas. The liquid and solid forms are transparent, resembling water or nitrogen. In an electric field, ionized argon produces a characteristic lilac to violet glow. Properties Argon has a freezing point of -189.2Â °C, boiling point of -185.7Â °C, and density of 1.7837 g/l. Argon is considered to be a noble or inert gas and does not form true chemical compounds, although it does form a hydrate with a dissociation pressure of 105 atm at 0Â °C. Ion molecules of argon have been observed, including (ArKr), (ArXe), and (NeAr). Argon forms a clathrate with b hydroquinone, which is stable yet without true chemical bonds. Argon is two and a half times more soluble in water than nitrogen, with approximately the same solubility as oxygen. Argons emission spectrum includes a characteristic set of red lines. Uses Argon is used in electric lights and in fluorescent tubes, photo tubes, glow tubes, and in lasers. Argon is used as an inert gas for welding and cutting, blanketing reactive elements, and as a protective (nonreactive) atmosphere for growing crystals of silicon and germanium. Sources Argon gas is prepared by fractionating liquid air. The Earths atmosphere contains 0.94% argon. Mars atmosphere contains 1.6% Argon-40 and 5 ppm Argon-36. Toxicity Because it is inert, argon is considered to be non-toxic. It is a normal component of air that we breathe every day. Argon is used in blue argon laser to repair eye defects and kill tumors. Argon gas may replace nitrogen in underwater breathing mixtures (Argox) to help reduce the incidence of decompression sickness. Although argon is non-toxic, it is considerably more dense than air. In an enclosed space, it may present an asphyxiation risk, particularly near ground level. Element Classification Inert Gas Density (g/cc) 1.40 ( -186 Â °C) Melting Point (K) 83.8 Boiling Point (K) 87.3 Appearance Colorless, tasteless, odorless noble gas Atomic Radius (pm):Â  2- Atomic Volume (cc/mol): 24.2 Covalent Radius (pm): 98 Specific Heat (20Â °C J/g mol): 0.138 Evaporation Heat (kJ/mol): 6.52 Debye Temperature (K): 85.00 Pauling Negativity Number: 0.0 First Ionizing Energy (kJ/mol): 1519.6 Lattice Structure: Face-Centered Cubic Lattice Constant (Ã…): 5.260 CAS Registry Number: 7440–37–1 Argon Trivia The first noble gas to be discovered was argon.Argon glows violet in a gas discharge tube. It is the gas found in plasma balls.William Ramsay, in addition to argon, discovered all the noble gases except radon. This earned him the 1904 Noble Prize in Chemistry.The original atomic symbol for argon was A. In 1957, the IUPAC changed the symbol to the current Ar.Argon is the 3rd most common gas in Earths atmosphere.Argon is produced commercially by fractional distillation of air.Substances are stored in argon gas to prevent interactions with the atmosphere. Sources Brown, T. L.; Bursten, B. E.; LeMay, H. E. (2006). J. Challice; N. Folchetti, eds. Chemistry: The Central Science (10th ed.). Pearson Education. pp. 276 289. ISBN 978-0-13-109686-8.Haynes, William M., ed. (2011). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (92nd ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. p. 4.121. ISBN 1439855110.Shuen-Chen Hwang, Robert D. Lein, Daniel A. Morgan (2005). Noble Gases. Kirk Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. Wiley. pp. 343–383.Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.

Evaluating You and Your Business Idea a Book by Joseph Covello and Brian Hazelgren

Evaluating You and Your Business Idea a Book by Joseph Covello and Brian Hazelgren The paper is aimed at examining the chapter Evaluating You and Your Business Idea from the textbook written by Joseph Covello and Brian Hazelgren. These authors pay attention to the process of goal setting, and they offer some valuable recommendations to future entrepreneurs.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on â€Å"Evaluating You and Your Business Idea† a Book by Joseph Covello and Brian Hazelgren specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More On the whole, these researchers believe that an individual should identify personal and economic objectives that should be attained (Covello and Hazelgren 13). In other words, it is necessary to examine the financial objectives that should be achieved by the enterprise. Moreover, it is vital to quantify these economic objectives (Covello and Hazelgren 13). Furthermore, a person should explain why he/she wants to work in a specific area of business. Moreover, it is vital to explain how t his particular choice can help a person fulfill his/her talents or ambitions. To some degree, these goals included in this plan are consistent with the recommendations offered by these authors. In particular, this plan includes clear economic objectives that are quantified. However, it is necessary to pay more attention to personal objectives because they are not clearly identified. This is one of the drawbacks that can be singled out. Additionally, it is important to discuss the distinction between short and long-term objectives. This distinction is important for the successful implementation of business plans. In this way, one can better develop the strategies for the development of a business (Covello and Hazelgren 13). Furthermore, this knowledge can help a person see the relations between different steps that will be taken in the future (Covello and Hazelgren 13). The given plan includes some of the goals that will be attained in the near future. Moreover, it is critical to sin gle out the resources that should be accumulated. For instance, the author of this plan discusses the need to accumulate start-up capital. Apart from that, this plan includes some long-term objectives. In particular, the writer mentions the intention to open new shops within the next four years. Furthermore, Joseph Covello and Brian Hazelgren believe that it is necessary to set the timelines for the implementation of the goals (15). However, these researchers also note that in many cases, such timelines cannot be rigidly fixed. Moreover, by focusing only on timelines, a person can make flawed business decisions. This is one of the pitfalls that should be avoided. To a great extent, the plan, which is analyzed, is compatible with the suggestions offered by the authors of this chapter. Nevertheless, there are some limitations of this plan, and they should not be overlooked. For instance, this document does not clearly show how this venture can gain the loyalty of clients. It is not ev ident why they will choose the services of this particular cafà ©. In turn, this issue is examined by Joseph Covello and Brian Hazelgren who believe that entrepreneurs should differentiate the venture among other companies. This is one of the issues that should be taken into account.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More On the whole, the discussion suggests when starting up a business venture, a person should clearly explain the steps that will be taken to attain business goals. Moreover, one should clearly identify the resources that will be needed. The elements of this plan are compatible with the recommendations offered by scholars. Nevertheless, the author does not show why the future venture will be remain competitive. These are the main arguments that can be advanced. Covello, Joseph, and Brian Hazelgren. â€Å"Evaluating You and Your Business Idea.† Comp lete Book of Business Plans: Simple Steps to Writing Powerful Business Plans. Ed. Joseph Covello and David Carpenter. New York, NY: Sourcebooks, Inc, 2006. Print.

First assignment to analyze energy problems Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

First to analyze energy problems - Assignment Example But compared to nuclear fission, nuclear fusion process is extremely complicated and dangerous. Nuclear fusion requires extreme amounts of heat energy in order to fuse two small nuclei combine to form a single large nucleus. For example, in sun, two hydrogen nuclei combined to form a helium nucleus at a high temperature which resulted in the liberation of enormous amount of energy mainly in the form of hat and light. Sun’s interiors have high pressure and temperature so that fusion can take place easily in the sun. But â€Å"earthbound reactors cannot achieve such high pressures and temperatures of the sun’s interior†, which is the major challenge in conducting nuclear fusion on earth’s surface (National Academy of Engineering) Nuclear fusion can be placed only at the last place in the technology concept map considering the complexities and dangers associated with the process of nuclear fusion. The current nuclear reactors which are operating in some of the counties are handling temperatures of smaller amount when we compare it with the temperatures needed to operate a nuclear fusion reactor. The uncontrollable nature of nuclear energy seems to be the major villain in exploiting nuclear energy with the help of the fusion process. The major social issue associated with the exploitation of nuclear fusion energy is the possibility of huge disasters which can wipe off the entire living things from the earth. Till the technology developed to such a level that the possibility of a disaster becomes zero, it is not advisable to conduct even an experiment on the exploitation of energy from nuclear fusion. We have already witnessed the striking power of nuclear energy in Hiroshima and Nagasaki which is negligible when we compare it with the dimensions of a possible disaster that could be happened due to nuclear fusion process. It is a fact that we facing lot of social issues like terrorism, violence,

Personal Reflection Paper (Ethic class) Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Personal Reflection Paper (Ethic class) - Thesis Example Had hooker chemicals ltd taken into consideration ethics in their decision to sell the site in which toxic waste had been buried. Asserting from Ethics without Sermon it could have been possible to prevent the hazardous implications if this company and the Niagara Fall school. In the examination of ethics of business decision the following questions are crucial before any action of implementation is taken. The question which needs to be addressed before making any business decision among others may include. This question is important because it conceptualizes the expected results and implications of a decision made. Consequences and probable results are outlined, these outlined questions are used to weigh if the decision made have good or hazardous implications. Hooker chemicals intention to sell the site buried with intoxicated waste should have been first examined by this question and the concept of ethics put into consideration (Nash 2010). The company had the knowledge in regard to implication in case of human habitation and settlement and they went ahead with their intention despite the knowledge. Also the board members of Niagara Falls school were also aware with the presence of toxic and went ahead with their intention to buy the site. The decisions made by the two entities did not cross check with the likely results and the implication was that a human and environmental disaster occurred. This question concerning ethics examination demarcates between intentional or non-intentional cause of injury to various stakeholders. In the case of love canal taking into consideration the knowledge limits of the two parties in regard to the presence of buried toxic waste in the site the injury caused to the stakeholders can be asserted to be intentional (Ferrell 2012). Hooker chemicals were unethical in burying toxic waste perfectly

Canterbury Tales: Wife of Bath Analysis

Canterbury Tales: Wife of Bath Analysis Prioress and Wife of Bath Canterbury Tales, by Geoffrey Chaucer, is a frozen picture of life in the Middle Ages. Chaucer places his characters on a pilgrimage, a religious journey made to a shrine or holy place. They are traveling on horseback from London to the shrine of martyr Saint Thomas a Becket at Canterbury. Chaucer has very opinionated views of the manners and behaviors of women and expresses it strongly in the Tale. In his collection of Tales, he portrays two extremes in his prospect of women. The Wife of Bath represents the extravagant and lusty woman where as the Prioress represents the admirable and devoted follower of church. Chaucer delineates the two characters contrastingly in their appearances, general manners, education and most evidently in their behavior toward men. Two female characters in Canterbury Tales portray themselves differently to what would be expected of their class and status. The Wife of Bath represents â€Å"liberal† extreme in regards to female stereotypes of the Middle Ages. Unlike most women being anonymous during the middle Ages, she has a mind of her own and voices herself. Furthermore, she thinks extremely highly of herself and enjoys showing off her Sunday clothes. Because of her obnoxious attitude, Chaucer makes her toothless, fat and large. The Prioress on the other hand, serves as a foil to the Wife of Bath. Chaucer describes her as a â€Å"tender-hearted† (154) who cannot bear the sight of pain or physical suffering. â€Å"She used to weep if she but saw a mouse caught in a trap, if it were dead or bleeding† (148-9). Chaucer paints a very delicate and elegant picture of the Prioress. Chaucer describes her table manners as very â€Å"graceful, not a drop of anything would fall from her mouth, and she was very polite when talking things at the tale† (131-134). Chaucers last description of Prioress the letter â€Å"A † around her neck that stood for â€Å"Amour vincit omnia† (166) meaning â€Å"Lover Conquers all.† The symbol that she wore showed that she is perfect and obviously a representation of what most men of that time wanted but they couldnt have her. Accordingly, the Wife of Bath is daunting, ostentatious, and ugly. She is nothing in comparison to the Prioress who is elegant, well mannered and above all loving. The Prioresss superiority over the Wife of Bath is shown again in the presence of education. The Wife of Bath has traveled a great deal and seems knowledgeable about things of the world. She brings up many valid points throughout the prologue, but Chaucer voids her opinion because of her social class and looks, when in truth she is actually wise. On the contrary, the Prioress is considered â€Å"scholastic† and high class due to her good manners. Her ability to speak French puts her character in a higher class category. Thus, once again the Prioress is considered intelligent. Wife of Baths action and thinking not only differ from the Prioress, but almost from everyone else in the Middle Ages. The Wife of Bath is radical especially when it comes to relationship with men. She is characterized as knowing much about love, which is illustrated by her physical description being gap-toothed, which symbolizes â€Å"sexual accomplishment.† Its interesting how the Wife of Bath is always striving to have sovereignty and the Prioress was granted sovereignty even though she didnt seek for it intentionally. The Wife of Bath and the Prioress alike have power over men once again this characterization would scare men. The Prioress, as her name suggests is a â€Å"superior being in a monastic community for women† is so important that â€Å"three priests were in her company† (168); as this shows her status as the boss, which would be fearful for men at that time. Early in the tale, there is a quotation by the Wife of Bath supporting the idea of mens fear. â€Å"I dont deny that I will have my husbands both my debtor and my slave, and as long as I am his wife he shall suffer in the flesh. I will have command over his body during all of his life, not he.† In other words she is saying that she will have total control over herself, her husband, and their household. Wife of Bath has a choice of not giving in to the man, but she decides to let the man have pleasure for his desire not hers. Because from her past experience, she knows how much men enjoy when women are submissive . Ironically, â€Å"She (Prioress) was all sentiment† (154), this is shown through her use of the Jew as the villain of her tale. However, there is no historical evidence of ritual murder of Christian children by Jews, but that would have not mattered to the pilgrims. This tale also reinforces her devotion to the church and this characterization can be seen as a fear to some men as they are unable to obtain her. This is the only time we see that Chaucer is telling us that the Prioress is not as perfect as she might have first seemed. She is basically a fake. A Prioress should take care of people but instead in Canterbury Tales, â€Å"she had little dogs,† (150) which was against the rules of the Church. She also loved to show off her dress, which is not something a nun would do. Chaucer now contrasts feelings in the Prioress with senses of the Wife of Bath. Prioress embodies fastidious sensibility. The Wife of Bath is the pole of elemental vitality. Prioress is â€Å"simple and coy† (123) and she never curses. However, she subtly violates the laws of her order by keeping pets, overdressing and taking on to a pilgrimage. On the other hand, Wife of Baths aggressiveness demonstrates of her instincts, appetites and will. She makes the institutions of Church: pilgrimage and marriage serve to her temperament. Chaucer developed two basic traits of her; Experience and desire for mastery. Its interesting to know that how Chaucer manipulates the mode of medieval romance with Prioress physically resembling a romance heroine, and the Wife of Bath is used in a romantic setting in Canterbury Tales. Both ways of using romance are connected with irony. Religious issues bring up another interesting contrast between the Wife of Bath and Prioress. Wife of Bath embodies empirical knowledge of facts; the Prioress embodies blind religious faith. Chaucer is trying to educate women through these tales, and say that there are times that one should be a feminist and times one should be not. In his compare and contrast, he shows in both women what men fear. Wife of Bath is excessively sex appealing, and the Prioress is generally filled with feelings. As we all know by now, that both of the womans are not what they seem to be, but they are the opposite of their class and status.

Enviromental Change – Transboundary Pollution

Chapter 10 – Transboundary pollution page 120 Aim of this lesson To be able to describe one major pollution event affecting more than one country and examine the consequences of and responses to this event. View together ‘’It happened in Chernobyl’ Part 1 and Part 2 – discuss http://www. youtube. com/watch? feature=player_embedded&v=b11aWXkehtY http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=BwMdh2SZ5-k&feature=player_embedded Using – * Consequences in more than one country http://www. grida. o/graphicslib/detail/the-continental-scale-of-the-chernobyl-accident_12e3 * The Torch report http://www. chernobylreport. org/? p=summary * THE GUARDIAN – Affects of Chernobyl explained http://www. guardian. co. uk/environment/2009/may/12/effects-chernobyl-uk-farmers 1. Annotate an outline map of Europe (enlarged to A3 size) with the consequences of the 1986 Chernobyl Disaster. Try and include impacts in at least 4 different countries and for a range of time sca les. 1. Complete the table with as much detail as you can –Responses to the 1986 Chernobyl Disaster at a range of scales| Short-Term| Long-Term| National [within Russia / Ukraine]| * People must be evacuated from area * Many â€Å"instant† deaths from radiation poisoning * Later deaths from radiation poisoning * Deadly radiation poisoning from nuclear fallout/radioactive cloud spreading * Widespread panic and fear| * Radioactive land becomes uninhabitable for many years * Birth defects in the generation after the incident due to lingering radiation poisoning in gametes * Distrust of nuclear power as a renewable energy source * Radiation poisoning causes health problems in the future| International| * Deadly radiation poisoning from nuclear fallout/radioactive cloud spreading * Widespread panic and fear| *    Birth defects in the generation after the incident due to lingering radiation poisoning in Enviromental Change – Transboundary Pollution Chapter 10 – Transboundary pollution page 120 Aim of this lesson To be able to describe one major pollution event affecting more than one country and examine the consequences of and responses to this event. View together ‘’It happened in Chernobyl’ Part 1 and Part 2 – discuss http://www. youtube. com/watch? feature=player_embedded&v=b11aWXkehtY http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=BwMdh2SZ5-k&feature=player_embedded Using – * Consequences in more than one country http://www. grida. o/graphicslib/detail/the-continental-scale-of-the-chernobyl-accident_12e3 * The Torch report http://www. chernobylreport. org/? p=summary * THE GUARDIAN – Affects of Chernobyl explained http://www. guardian. co. uk/environment/2009/may/12/effects-chernobyl-uk-farmers 1. Annotate an outline map of Europe (enlarged to A3 size) with the consequences of the 1986 Chernobyl Disaster. Try and include impacts in at least 4 different countries and for a range of time sca les. 1. Complete the table with as much detail as you can –Responses to the 1986 Chernobyl Disaster at a range of scales| Short-Term| Long-Term| National [within Russia / Ukraine]| * People must be evacuated from area * Many â€Å"instant† deaths from radiation poisoning * Later deaths from radiation poisoning * Deadly radiation poisoning from nuclear fallout/radioactive cloud spreading * Widespread panic and fear| * Radioactive land becomes uninhabitable for many years * Birth defects in the generation after the incident due to lingering radiation poisoning in gametes * Distrust of nuclear power as a renewable energy source * Radiation poisoning causes health problems in the future| International| * Deadly radiation poisoning from nuclear fallout/radioactive cloud spreading * Widespread panic and fear| *    Birth defects in the generation after the incident due to lingering radiation poisoning in

Bancassurance in Asia

China Traditionally, the main distribution channel for insurance in China has been through agents. However, with the introduction of bancassurance this has changed. The bancassurance models followed in China are distribution and joint ventures. The effect of bancassurance in the first quarter of 2010, was an increase in total premium income to $26. 91 billion, up 44% compared with the same period of 2009, this represents 8% higher compared to the overall insurance industry growth within the same period. Cotham, 2010) The main contributing factors for this trend have been the rapid growth of the Chinese economy leading to higher per capital income and the multiple economic reforms leading foreign companies to enter the insurance industry. In addition, the regulations introduced in 2003 played a major factor for the bancassurance growth. These regulations permitted banks to have multiple insurers as suppliers (â€Å"many-to-many† model).For instance, some major banks worked with 30 different suppliers for life insurance, and as many as 10 for property and casualty insurance. (Paribas, 2012) Although this model created growth, recently it has contributed to the slow down in the bancassurance market. Through this model, numerous complex insurance products were created and offered to clients by bank staff with minimal insurance expertise. As a result, demand decreased due to the lack of consumer understanding of the product and lack of trust.In addition, other major challenges in the bancassurance market are the financial market volatility (which makes insurance products less appealing compared to other wealth management products), intense competition and constant changes in regulations (particularly the introduction of CBRC 90 which prohibits insurance salesman from selling in banks). In turn, sales have declined. For instance, in 2011, sales through the bancassurance channel declined significantly and were blamed for an overall slowdown in premiums growth, from 29 percent to 11. KPMG,2012) India Just as in China, insurance products in India have been sold traditionally through agents. In addition, the insurance industry was entirely monopolized by the public sector. However, since the opening to private companies in the early 2000’s bancassurance through the distribution model has gained market share. In fact, it now accounts for about 25 per cent of new business for private insurers, with trends indicating that the proportion could rise to 40 per cent by the year 2013 (Cotham, 2012).In addition, India’s rapid economy has also played a major factor on bancassurance growth. However, just as China, India faces major challenges. The major challenges are poor manpower management, lack of a sales culture within the bank, no involvement by the branch manager, insufficient product promotions, failure to integrate marketing plans, marginal database expertise, poor sales channel linkages, inadequate incentives, resistance to chan ge, negative attitudes toward insurance and unwieldy marketing strategy. (Sarvanakumar, 2012)